US Presidents: Policies, Reforms and Events

US Presidents: Their Reforms, Polices and Major Events in Their Tenure

1.              George Washington (1789-1797):

·                     Hero of Revolutionary War

·                     Bill of Rights 1791

·                     Whiskey Rebellion 1794

·                     Twice elected unanimously by the electoral college

·                     He is father of country

2.             John Adams (1797-1801):

·                     First president to live in white house and loose election

·                     DC became capital of USA

·                     Alien and Sedition Acts 1798

·                     Kentucky and Virginia Resolution 1798

·                     Navy Department and Marine Corps created 1798

·                     He belonged to Federalist Party

3.             Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809):

·                     Chief Author of “Declaration of Independence”.

·                     He opposed federalism and strengthen the central government.

·                     He belonged to Democratic Republican Party

·                     He extended American Territorial size from France by buying 18000 squares miles (Lousiana Purchase 1803)

·                     The Barbary Wars 1801-1805

4.             James Madison (1809-1817):

·                     Belongs to Democratic Republican

·                     Father of constitution and Bill of Rights.

·                     Written of National Anthem of USA

·                     Washington was burned

·                     The Barbary Wars 1815

·                     He was forced to fight another war against UK for American’s right at sea. (War of 1812)

5.             James Monroe (1817-1825):

·                     Belongs to Democratic Republic

·                     Monroe’s Doctrine

·                     Missouri Compromise Line 1820

·                     The First Seminole War 1817-18

·                     Five states admitted

·                     He passed legislation to strict slavery

·                     Monrovia a territory named after him

6.             John Quincy Adams: (1825-1829):

·                     Son of John Adams

·                     Gain Florida from Spain

·                     He led fight to force congress to receive antislavery petition

·                     Founded Smithsonian Institution

·                     A brilliant diplomat

·                     He prioritize economic development and internal improvement and paying off American debt.

7.              Andrew Jackson (1829-1837):

·                     Hero of war of 1812.

·                     Second Seminole War Begins 1835

·                     Old Nickory and founder of Democratic party and father of modern democracy

·                     The Battle of Alamo and Texas independence 1836

·                     Two States admitted

·                     Indian Removed Act 1830.

8.             Martin Van Buren (1837-41):

·                     Belongs to Democratic Party

·                     Panic of 1837

·                     Economic depression, bank failure, food shortages,

·                     In 1938 more than 15000 Cherokee Indians were forced to march from Georgia to Oklahoma

·                     Approximately 4000 died from starvation and disease along the “Trial of Tears”

9.             William Henry Harrison (1841):

·                     He belongs to Whig Party

·                     Soldier  Fight Native American

·                     Native American

·                     He gave longest inauguration speech in history but He spent shortest time as a president in American’s history. He died 30 days after his inaugural speech because of pneumonia

·                     Battle of 1811

·                     He was first president to die in an office.

10.                       John Tyler (1841-1845):

·                     Belongs to Whig Party.

·                     US annexes Texas by joint Resolution of Congress March 1, 1845

·                     Florida admitted 1845

·                     Second Seminole war ended 1842

·                     First vice president who become president.

11.                       James Knox Polk (1845-1849):

·                     Belongs to Democratic

·                     He was strong believer of Westwood expansion. He best known for his policy of expansion.

·                     Mexican war 1816-1818

·                     Acquired California from Mexico,

·                     Three states admitted

·                     The Mexican war begins and ended

·                     Manifest destiny.

·                     Acquisitism of half a million squares of north America

12.                       Zachery Taylor (1849-1850):

·                     Belongs to Whig Party

·                     Soldier

·                     Died during his office

·                     He signed Clayton Bulwer Treaty with Britain

·                     Women’s rights convention was held at Seneca falls on July 19-201848

·                     Hero Of Mexican War

13.                       Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)

·                     Belongs to Last Wig president

·                     Compromise of 1850

·                     Established white house library

·                     Commodore Perry’s Mission to Japan 1852-54

14.                       Franklin Pierce (1853-1857):

·                     Belongs to Democratic

·                     Bleeding Kansas

·                     Kansas Nebraska Bill 1854

15.                       James Buchanan (1857-1861):

·                     Belongs to Democratic

·                     Succession crisis

·                     Only bachelor who serve in white house

·                     The Pony Express was established in 1860.

·                     The southern states begin secession in 1860 and the confederate states were created in 1861

16.                       Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)

·                     Belongs to Republican. He was First Republican President

·                     Civil war 1861-1865 and executive order.

·                     First president to be assassinated

·                     Eleven states seceded from union

·                     He issued Emancipation Proclamation in January 1863

·                     Slavery was ended with the passage of 13^th Amendment

17.                       Andrew Johnson (1865-1869):

·                     Belongs to Union Party

·                     He did not believe in emancipation of slaves

·                     Reconstruction

·                     Ratified 13^th and 14^th Amendment

·                     Alaska Purchased 1867

·                     Impeachment

18.                       Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877):

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     Hero of civil war

·                     Transcontinental Railroad completed 1869

·                     He ratified 15^th Amendment in 1870

·                     Panic of 1873

·                     Battle of Little Bighorn 1876

·                     Used military to reconstruct former slave states

19.                       Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881):

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     He won election by one electoral vote

·                     Compromise of 1877 (end of reconstruction)

·                     Bland Addison Act 1878

·                     Pronounced the necessity of creating an American Controlled canal in Panama 1880

·                     Brutal, corrupt and violent President elected in US’ history.

20.                       James A. Garfield (1881):

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     Shot by and died after four months of his election. He spent 100 days in his office

21.                       Chester Arthur (1881-1885):

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     Pendleton Civil Service reform act 1883.

·                     He support the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

·                      As a reformer he worked hard for the reunification of the nation after the civil war and reconstruction

22.                       Grover Cleveland (1889-1889)

·                     Belongs to Democratic

·                     President Succession Act 1886

·                     Dedication of Statue of Liberty 1886

·                     Interstate Commerce Act

·                     Dawes Severalty Act 1887

·                     Two nonconsecutive terms 424 patois. (Panic of 1893)

23.                       Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893):

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     Grandson of Henry Harrison

·                     Billion dollar congress first time.

·                     First Pan American Conference 1889

·                     Shimon Antitrust Act 1890

·                     Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1890

·                     Electricity installed in white house 1891

·                      McKinley tariff of 1890

24.                       Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)

·                     Belongs to Democratic

·                     Panic of 1893

·                     Chicago World’s Fair 1893

·                     Pullman’s Strike 1894

25.                       William McKinley (1897-1901):

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     Spanish American war (1898) over Cuban independence.

·                     Gold Standard Act 1900

·                     US became super power for the first time

·                     Open Door Policy/Boxer Rebellion 1899-1900

·                     Annexation of Hawaii

·                     As a result, US got Guam, Philippines and Puerto Rico

·                     He was assassinated by polish man.

26.                       Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909):

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     Youngest US president

·                     Trust Buster

·                     Panama Canal Rights Acquired 1904

·                     First president who visit foreign country during his office

·                     Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine

·                     The Square Deal Domestic Program

·                     Russo Japanese War

·                     Pure Food and Drug Act

·                     San Francisco Earthquake

·                     US forest service 1905,

·                     He won Nobel peace prize.

27.                       William Howard Taft (1909-1913):

·                     Bull Moose party

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     The Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act 1909

·                     16^th Amendment

·                     Taft Dollar Diplomacy

·                     Antitrust Policy

·                     Later on, he served as Chief Justice of US (1921-1928)

28.                       Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921):

·                     Belongs to Democratic

·                     Federal Reserve Act 1913

·                     Clayton Antitrust Act

·                     Lusitania Sunk

·                     Espionage and sedition acts

·                     Treaty of Versailles

·                     A former political science president

·                     14 points

29.                       Warren G. Harding (1921-1923):

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     Teapot Dome Scandal

·                     USA, France, UK, and Japan signed an agreement on Limit Naval Armaments 1922

30.                       Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929):

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     Immigration Act of 1924

·                     Reserve Acts of 1924 and 1926

·                     Kellogg Briand Pact 1928 renouncing war as solution to resolve international differences

·                     Son of Village storekeeper

31.                       Herbert Hoover (1929-1933):

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     Wall Street crash 1929.and start of great depression

·                     Hawley Smoot Tariff 1930

·                     Bonus Army March

·                     Ratified Lame Duck Amendments 1933

32.                       Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945):

·                     Belongs to Democratic

·                     Two terms president

·                     Special Security Act 1935

·                     Yalta Conference 1945

33.                       Harry S. Truman (11945-1953):

·                     Belongs to Democratic

·                     He authorized to drop two atomic bombs on Japan.

·                     Truman doctrine

·                     Fair Deal

·                     Korean War

·                     Nuremburg Trials

34.                       Dwilight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961):

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     22th Amendment

·                     End of Korean War

·                     Brown V. Board of Education 1954

·                     Interstate highway system created 1956

·                     In 1957 he ordered federal troops to litter Rock to enforce integration

·                     A military commander in WWII

·                     Containment

·                     US interstate Highway system

35.                       John F. Kennedy (1961-1963):

·                     Belongs to Democratic

·                     He was Assassinated in Texas

·                     Cuban Missile Crisis

·                     Allen Shepherded first American in space 1961

·                     Construction of Berlin Wall 1961

·                     Bay of Pigs 1961

·                     The Peace Corps were created 1961

36.                       Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969):

·                     Belongs to Democratic

·                     The Great society

·                     Vietnam conflicts

·                     Civil Rights Act 1964

·                     Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert Kennedy in 1968

·                     Capture of US Pueblo

·                     Detroit Riots 1967.

37.                       Richard Nixon (1969-1974):

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     Nixon in China, withdrew forces from Vietnam.

·                     Watergate scandal

·                     Neil Armstrong becomes the first man to walk on the moon

·                     Environmental Protection Agency Created 1970

·                     18 years old get the right to vote 1971

·                     1972 SALT Agreement

·                     Nixon visit China 1972

·                     End of Vietnam war 1973

·                     First US President who resigned from the office

38.                       Gerald Ford (1974-1977):

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     He was the only president of USA who neither elected as president or vice president

·                     In 1974 Ford granted disgraced Nixon on unconditional pardon.

·                     Campaign reforms law 1974

·                     1975 Helsinki Agreement

·                     1975-76 communist victory in southeast Asia

·                     Helsinki Accords 1975.

39.                       Jimmy Carter (1977-1981):

·                     Belongs to Democratic 1979.

·                     Energy Crisis

·                     Panama Canal Treaty

·                     1979 US officially recognizes Peoples Republic of China

·                     1977 Vietnam War era draft evaders pardoned

·                     Three Miles Ireland incident

·                     Camp David Accords 1978.

·                     Iran Hostage crisis 1979.

40.                       Ronald Reagan (1981-1989):

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     Former Hollywood actor

·                     Granada Invasion

·                     Iran Contra Scandal 1985-89

·                     Glasnost with Soviet Union 1985-91

·                     Stark Incident in Gulf War 1987

·                     At 69, h was the oldest elected president.

·                     He said Soviet Union an evil empire.

·                     Reagan doctrine.

41.                       George H. Bush (1989-1993):

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     Operation descent storm 1991.

·                     1989 invasion of Panama

·                     Savings Loan Bailout 1989

·                     Exxon Valdez Oil Spill in Alaska 1990

·                     American with disabilities Act 1990

42.                       Bill Clinton (1993-2001)

·                     Belongs to Democratic

·                     2^nd president who was impeached due to Watergate scandal and Lewinsky Scandal

·                     World Trade Center terrorist bombings 1993

·                     1995 Oklahoma City Federal Building Terrorist bombings

·                     War in former Yugoslavia 1999

43.                       George W. Bush (2001-2009)

·                     Belongs to Republican

·                     Son of George Bush

·                     War Against Terrorism in Afghanistan

·                     War in Iraq

44.                       Barak Obama (2009-2017)

·                     First African American.

·                     Health and Education Reconciliation Act march 30 2010

·                     Baraka Obama Singed American Recovery and Reconstruction Act 2009

·                     Belongs to Democratic.

·                     The Great recession.

·                     Obamacare.