Foreign Policy of Pakistan, (Objectives, Principles, Phases, Issues, Challenges, Failures, Achievements, and Recommendations) – (Part 1)

 

Foreign Policy of Pakistan,

(Objectives, Principles, Phases, Issues, Challenges, Failures, Achievements, and Recommendations) –

(Part 1)

1.      Introduction

2.      Definition of Foreign Policy

3.      Variable factors behind the formation of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

                              i.)            Ideology of Pakistan

                            ii.)            History and culture

                          iii.)            Type of government

                          iv.)            International, and global influence

                            v.)            Geographical factors and significance

                          vi.)            Economic development

                        vii.)            Geopolitical and geostrategic factors and new world order

4.      Objectives of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

                              i.)            Territorial integrity

                            ii.)            Settlement of Jammu and Kashmir issue

                          iii.)            Preservation of nuclear deterrence of Pakistan

                          iv.)            Economic Prosperity

                            v.)            Propagation of image of Pakistan as a strong, dynamic and progressive state

                          vi.)            Strong friendly cooperation with china

                        vii.)            Mutually beneficial and strong ties with all major powers

                      viii.)            Durable peace and stability in Afghanistan

                          ix.)            Promotion of Nuclear Non Proliferation objectives and combating international terrorism, crime and drug trafficking

                            x.)            Promotion and protection of interests and welfare of overseas Pakistanis  

5.      Principles of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

                              i.)            Mutual Co existence

                            ii.)            Non Alignment

                          iii.)            Bilateral Relations

                          iv.)            Charter of UNO

                            v.)            Favor of rights of self determination of suppressed nationalities

                          vi.)            Unity of Muslim Ummah

                        vii.)            Arms Control and Disarmament

                      viii.)            End of Racial Discrimination

                          ix.)            Propagation of regional and global cooperation, peace and security

                            x.)            Relations with neighboring states

6.      Phases of Foreign Policy of Pakistan

                              i.)            Phase 1: 1947-53 Exploration and Friendship with all

                                                              i.      Foundation of foreign policy under the guidance of Quid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah- Founding Father of Pakistan

                                                            ii.      Unparalleled Relations with India and Plethora of Problems for Pakistan

                                                          iii.      Afghanistan refuse to recognize Pakistan’s Sovereignty

                                                          iv.      Security imperatives

                                                            v.      Relations with Muslim Countries

                                                          vi.      Relations with USA and USSR

                                                        vii.      Recognition of China as an independent sovereign State

                                                      viii.      First Indo Pak war 1948 and Indian factor

                                                          ix.      Early problems of Pakistan and direction of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

                            ii.)            Phase 2: 1953-62 Alignments with the West

                                                              i.      Collaboration with the USA

a)      Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement

b)      SEATO (South East Asia Treaty Organization)

c)      CENTO (Central Treaty Organization)

d)     Defense and Economic Assistance from the USA

                                                            ii.      Cost of alignment with the West

                                                          iii.      Friendly understanding with the China

                                                          iv.      Indus Water Treaty with India

                                                            v.      Incidence of U-2 

                                                          vi.      Singing of RCD (Regional Cooperation for Development) 

                          iii.)            Phase 3: 1962-71 Transition Phase

                                                              i.      Rethinking and changing dynamics of policy of alignment with the west

                                                            ii.      Developing ties with USSR

                                                          iii.      Ameliorate correspondence with China

                                                          iv.      Plummet curbs with USA

                                                            v.      War of Pakistan and India in 1965

                                                          vi.      Pluralistic perspective of Pakistan’s foreign policy

                                                        vii.      Kashmir issue and six rounds of talk

                                                      viii.      Crisis in East Pakistan and international response

                          iv.)            Phase 4: 1972-79 Bilateralism and Non Alignment

                                                              i.      Separation of East Pakistan and new dimensions of Pakistan’s foreign Policy

                                                            ii.      Independent approach toward world

                                                          iii.      Shimla Agreement and developing Relations with India

                                                          iv.      Straightening ties with the super powers

                                                            v.      Pakistan’s stance toward nuclear technology and US response

                                                          vi.      Pakistan and Muslim world (OIC conference held in Pakistan)

                            v.)            Phase 5: 1980-90 Afghanistan with Partnership with the USA

                                                              i.      Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and involvement of Pakistan in Proxy war

                                                            ii.      Revival of Pakistan-US flourishing relations

                                                          iii.      Barter trade agreement

                                                          iv.      Pakistan and OIC

                                                            v.      Diplomatic relations with India including Cricket diplomacy

                                                          vi.      The Geneva Accord

                                                        vii.      Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan and problems for Pakistan

                          vi.)            Phase 6: 1990-2001 Post Cold War Era and Pakistan’s Dilemmas

                                                              i.      Disappointing attitude of USA after soviet withdrawal

                                                            ii.      Emergence of unending disputes in Afghanistan and Pakistan’s dilemma

                                                          iii.      Insurgency in Kashmir

                                                          iv.      Pakistan’s Nuclear program and western response

                                                            v.      Kargil War with India and failure of Pakistan to handle the issue at international forum

                                                          vi.      Divergent interests in Pakistan’s foreign policy due to political instability

                        vii.)            Phase 7: 2001-2008 Pakistan and Counter Terrorism

                                                              i.      Incidence of 9/11 and global war against terrorism and Pakistan

                                                            ii.      Increased US support

                                                          iii.      Détente with India

                                                          iv.      Muslim world and Pakistan

                                                            v.      Issue of transfer of nuclear technology

                                                          vi.      Modern enlightenment of General Musharaf and image of Pakistan

                      viii.)            Phase 8: 2008-2013 Diversification of Foreign Policy

                                                              i.      Pak US Ties

a)      Kerry Loggar Bill

b)      US drone strikes

c)      Mystery of OBL (Osama Bin Laden)

d)     Diplomatic Storms

a.       Issue of Raymand Davis

b.      GHQ attack

c.       Salala Checkpost attack and breakage of supply line of NATO

                                                            ii.      Pak Russia relations

a)      Moscow visit

                                                          iii.      Pak Iran bonding

a)      Iran Pakistan Gas Pipeline Project

                                                          iv.      Pakistan India strange relations due to Mumbai attack

                          ix.)            Phase 9: 2013-2018 Changing global patterns and Pakistan’s Perspective

                                                              i.      Becoming full permanent membership of SCO Pakistan and India

                                                            ii.      Pakistan and China Relations and CPEC and OBOR

                                                          iii.      Unclear diplomacy towards Afghanistan

                                                          iv.      Pak Iran and proxy war of Saudi and Iran

                                                            v.       Indian lobby against Pakistan

                                                          vi.      Gulbashan Yadev case and Pakistan’s perspective

                                                        vii.      Pakistan’s successful operation against terrorism

                            x.)            Phase 10: 2018-onward Revival of Foreign Policy under the supervision of new Government

                                                              i.      Relations with India

a)      Kashmir issue

b)      Surgical strikes of India

c)      Indian violation of international laws

d)     Incidence of Pulwama and retaliation of Pakistan

e)      Abrogation of Article 370 and 35 A

f)       Citizenship amendment Law

g)      Diplomacy law

                                                            ii.      US Aghan Peace Deal and role of Pakistan

                                                          iii.      Second Phase of CPEC

                                                          iv.      Iran and Pakistan

a)      Terrorist activities on western border of Pakistan

b)      Houti Rebels attack on Saudi Arabia Oil Fields and Response of Pakistan

c)      Visit of Prime Minister of Pakistan to Iran

                                                            v.      Bonding with Turkey

a)      Turkish Investment in Pakistan

b)      Joint military exercise of Pakistan and Turkey

                                                          vi.      Relations with Malaysia

a)      Pakistan was unable to attend Islam Summit held in kaulalampur

b)      Inauguration of proton plant in Pakistan

c)      Developing relations in trade and tourism

                                                        vii.      Relations with Arab countries

                                                      viii.      Bilateral ties with Russia

                                                          ix.      OIC and Pakistan’s emerging leadership

                                                            x.      SCO and perspective of Pakistan

                                                          xi.      Response of UNSC on Indian’s Kashmir Policy

7.      Conclusion

Part 2, -------------------------------- coming soon