Fascism
Introduction:
Fascism is a dictatorship form of government which is against democracy or
mostly other form of government of the world. Fascists work for a totalitarian one-party
state. Its aim is to prepare the nation for armed conflict, agreeableness of
policies of dictator in order to respond to economic difficulties and
sufferings. Fascism obliges nation and race above the individual under the
control of centralized government headed by a dictator. Historically, fascist
governments tend to be militaristic, and racist as Hitler consider German as
Master Race and so on.
Definition
And Explanation Of Term
Word
fascism derives from Latin word “Fasces” which means tied bundle of rods
surrounding and ax and the symbol of ancient Rome. Fascism means individuals in
a society should subvert their will for the welfare of the state. Fascism is a
nationalistic, top down system with rigid class roles that is ruled by an all
powerful dictator. The term fascism coined by Mussolini of Italy in 1920 when
he gained control of Italy. It works with existing social structure instead of
destroying it. Fascist focuses on internal cleansing and stability and external
expansionism strategy.
There
are Three Conditions which are necessary for the development of fascism.
First, a nation must be in extreme economic depression and disparities. Second,
people loss their confidence over existing government and consider them as
inefficient and the cause of their disparities. Third, people desire for
charismatic leadership who brought the greatness of the nation back. Even
though people loss their temporary liberties for the sack of revival of their
past glorious time.
Features/Characteristics
Of Fascism
1.
Persecution and identification of enemies: Fascist ideology does not
allow its enemy to survive in their territory of influence. Even they find out
them and persecute them.
2.
Strict government surveillance: There
are strict law and order in the society. People are not allowed to violate
these norms and forcibly order to obey them.
3.
Controlled and monitored mass media: In fascist government people have no right to express their thoughts
and no freedom of expression of any kind. There is very strict media regulatory
authority. Media does not allow publishing or displaying anything which went
against government.
4.
Sole leadership and his decisions: Fascist leaders are mostly military dictator who does not allow
anybody to go against or disobey his decisions. His attitude lacks democratic
values and he knows dictation only.
5.
Nationalism as a powerful and continuing factor: The best tool of fascism success is to engage people in peak level
of spirit of nationalism which they will use for their success. Peoples’ life
is not beyond state’s life.
6.
Usurpation
of human rights: There is
multiple incidence of human rights violation in society due to strict working
hours, tight schedule, difficult punishments and so on. So people sometimes
bored due to such tough life style.
7.
Militerianism
and it superiority: Highly
disciplined and aggressive military force always ready to bloodshed and
sometimes committed brutalities in war zones as did by Nazism in Germany during
WWII. Military personnel are at top positions and highly weighted in government
jobs.
8.
Fraudulent and biased elections: Fascist
leaders conducted elections in which persons of their preferences are nominated
and elected though rigging or any other fake way of dominance.
9.
Rampant cronyism and corruption: As
selection of personnel of government jobs are nominated by fascist leaders preferences
so chances of corruption are high because fascist leaders are not accountable to
anybody or institutions.
10.
Disdain for intellectualities and arts: As individual freedom is usurp in fascism then performing arts and
development of literature become impossible.
11.
Labor power is suppressed: The
labor laws are strictly violating because of increasing production and
competition of fascist ideology with rest of capitalist and communist
industrial ideology of Europe at that time.
12.
Protection of corporate power: As
fascist leaders like Hitler and Mossilini are backed by capitalists of their respective
country. So when these leaders got power they basically work for betterment of
these financers which ultimately increase the rich poor gap.
13.
Intervention of government in religious and social matters: Fascist leaders mostly exploited almost all those social and
religious norms which help their tenure to expand.
14.
Exclusively male dominance: As
fascism is dominated by power and strength, so it almost dominated by male
decision makers.
Advantages
Of Fascism
1.
Material
and non material development is high due to quick response of policies
2.
Decision
making is fast because of lack of consultation with public, media or scholar. Leaders
decide and get fast results.
3.
As fastest
result oriented economy which favor the capitalists’ investment and development
also increase National pride and prestige
4.
Peaceful
and secure society with love crime rate because strict punishment of minor
crimes threatens people to comment such sins.
5.
As government
did not spent time on dealing with opposition and other social crime then wealth
is concentrated in right direction
6.
Efficient,
effective, disciplined and aggressive military deter the enemy to attack which help
fascist government to prolong and focus on development.
Disadvantages
Of Fascism
1.
Suppression
of individual rights and liberties
2.
Unacceptable
ideology in the world due to its strictness and head broken thoughts.
3.
Disregarded
for international law because of lot of violation of human rights and sovereignty
of other weak states.
4.
As fascism
end after the end of their propagating leader so can’t stat in different
circumstance by various other people. Because fascism unable to develop any
institution which help to prolong this ideology as other ideologies of the
world like democracy
5.
Fascism
is actually against human dignity and respect because it violates the human
rights and international laws. It make man an antisocial and unsocial
individual.
6.
In fascism
power is misuse and abuse by certain group of people who are at power
7.
Cause
of increasing rich poor gap because it favor capitalist economy only.
Fascism In World (Examples
Form The World )
1.
Italy: Benito Mussolini
and his national fascist party
2.
Germany: Adolf Hitler
and his nationalist socialist germane workers party
3.
Spain: Francisco
Franco and Phalanx in 1933.
4.
Portugal: Antonio and the
National Union
5.
Argentina: Juan Peron
6.
France: Cross of Fire
later known as French Socialist Party which was the largest growing party in
France between 1936-38
7.
Austria: The Fatherland
Front led by Eaglebert Dellfuss and Home Defense Force
8.
Greece: The Party of
Free Believers led by Loanis Metaxus
9.
Hungary: Arrow Cross
Party
10. Romania: Iron Guard
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